toga

Tanaman obat keluarga (disingkat TOGA) adalah tanaman hasil budidaya rumahan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat.^[1] Taman obat keluarga pada hakekatnya adalah sebidang tanah, baik di halaman rumah, kebun ataupun ladang yang digunakan untuk membudidayakan tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat dalam rangka memenuhi keperluan keluarga akan obat-obatan.^[1] Kebun tanaman obat atau bahan obat dan selanjutnya dapat disalurkan kepada masyarakat, khususnya obat yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan.^[1] Budidaya tanaman obat untuk keluarga (TOGA) dapat memacu usaha kecil dan menengah di bidang obat-obatan herbal sekalipun dilakukan secara individual.^[1] Setiap keluarga dapat membudidayakan tanaman obat secara mandiri dan memanfaatkannya, sehingga akan terwujud prinsip kemandirian dalam pengobatan keluarga.^[1]

Daftar isi [sembunyikan] 1 Sejarah 1.1 Mesir kuno 1.2 Yunani kuno 1.3 Cina 1.4 Inggris 1.5 Indonesia 2 Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat (TOGA) 2.1 Daun 2.2 Batang 2.3 Buah 2.4 Biji 2.5 Akar 2.6 Umbi atau rimpang 3 Faktor peningkatan penggunaan tanaman obat 4 Perawatan tanaman obat 5 Referensi 6 Pranala Luar

[sunting] Sejarah

Tanaman obat dari Cina.

[sunting] Mesir kuno

Pada jaman Mesir kuno (Tahun 2500 Sebelum Masehi), para budak diberi ransum bawang untuk membantu menghilangkan banyak penyakit demam dan infeksi yang umum terjadi pada masa itu.^[2] Sejak itulah catatan pertama tentang penulisan tanaman obat dan berbagai khasiatnya telah dikumpulkan oleh orang-orang mesir kuno.^[2] Sejumlah besar resep penggunaan produk tanaman untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit, gejala-gejala penyakit dan diagnosanya tercantum dalam (Papyrus Ehers).^[3] Pada saat itu, para pendeta Mesir kuno telah melakukan dan mempraktekkan pengobatan herbal.^[2]

[sunting] Yunani kuno

Bangsa Yunani kuno juga banyak menyimpan catatan mengenai penggunaan tanaman obat yaitu Hyppocrates (Tahun 466 Sebelum Masehi), Theophrastus (Tahun 372 Sebelum Masehi) dan Pedanios Dioscorides (Tahun 100 Sebelum Masehi) membuat himpunan keterangan terinci mengenai ribuan tanaman obat dalam De Materia Medica.^[3] Orang-orang Yunani kuno juga telah melakukan pengobatan herbal.^[2] Mereka menemukan berbagai tanaman obat baru, seperti rosemary dan lavender pada saat mengadakan perjalanan ke berbagai daratan lain.^[2]

[sunting] Cina

Tanaman obat di Cina berlangsung sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu, ketika muncul penyembuhan kerapuhan tulang oleh dukun Wu.^[4] Pada waktu itu, penyakit ini diyakini disebabkan oleh kekuatan jahat, sehingga menurut dukun Wu diperlukan obat dari tanaman untuk mengusir kekuatan jahat itu.^[4] Bahkan, bahan penyembuhan tertua dalam sejarah telah ditemukan di China, di mana makam seorang bangsawan Han ditemukan untuk menyimpan data medis yang ditulis pada gulungan sutra.^[4] Gulungan sutra berisi daftar 247 tumbuh-tumbuhan dan bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam menyembuhkan penyakit.^[4]

[sunting] Inggris

Di Inggris, penggunaan tanaman obat dikembangkan bersamaan dengan didirikannya biara-biara di seluruh negeri.^[2] Setiap biara memiliki tamanan obat masing-masing yang digunakan untuk merawat para pendeta maupun para penduduk setempat.^[2] Pada beberapa daerah, khususnya Wales dan Skotlandia, orang-orang Druid dan para penyembuh Celtik menggunakan obat-obatan dalam perayaan agama dan ritual mereka.^[2] Pengetahuan tanaman obat semakin berkembang dengan terciptanya mesin cetak pada abad ke 15, sehingga penulisan mengenai Tanaman-Tanaman Obat dapat dilakukan.^[2] Sekitar tahun 1630, John Parkinson dari London menulis mengenai tanaman obat dari berbagai tanaman.^[2] Nicholas Culpepper ( 1616-1654 ) dengan karyanya yang paling terkenal yaitu The Complete Herbal and English Physician, Enlarged, diterbitkan pada tahun 1649.^[2] Pada tahun 1812, Henry Potter telah memulai bisnisnya menyediakan berbagai tanaman obat dan berdagang lintah.^[2] Sejak saat itu banyak sekali pengetahuan tradisional dan cerita rakyat tentang tanaman obat dapat ditemukan mulai dari Inggris, Eropa, Timur Tengah, Asia, dan Amerika, sehingga Potter terdorong untuk menulis kembali bukunya Potter’s Encyclopaedia of Botanical Drug and Preparatians, yang sampai saat inipun masih diterbitkan.^[2] Tahun 1864, National Association of Medical Herbalists didirikan dengan tujuan mengorganisir pelatihan para praktisi pengobatan secara tradisional, serta mempertahankan standar-standar praktek pengobatan.^[2]

d_tegnolife,,,,

Ienai itami kanashimi de
KIZUtsuita kimi yo
Kise nai kako mo seoi atte ikou
Ikiru koto wo nagedasa nai de wo

Tsunai da kimi no te wo

Itsuka ushinatte shimau mo ka na
Usurete yuku egao to kimi wo mamoritai kara
Hibiku boku wo yobu koe sae kare
Toki ni sou kaze ni kaki kisare tatte
Kimi wo mitsuke dasu

Ienai itami kanashimi de
KIZUtsuita kimi
Mou warae nai nante
Hito kirai nante kotoba su iwa nai de
Mie nai mirai ni okoru koto
Subete ni imi ga aru kara
Ima wa sono mama de ii
Kitto kidukeru toki ga kuru darou

Sabi kitta hito no yo ni

Kasanari au dake ga munashikute
Hitori de ikite yukerutte itte ta
Arifureta yasashisa kotoba ja
Ima wa mou todoka nai hodo ni
Kimi wa uzuki dasu

Tsunai da kimi no te wa
Nanige nai yasashisa wo motome
Do you remember
Itami wo shiru koto de


Hito ni yasashiku nareru kara
Drive your life

Ienai itami kanashimi de
KIZUtsuita kimi
Mou warae nai nante
Hito kirai nante kotoba sou iwa nai de
Mie nai mirai ni okoru koto
Subete ni imi ga aru kara
Ima wa sono mama de ii
Kitto kizukeru toki ga kuru darou


[ From: http://www.metrolyrics.com/dtechnolife-lyrics-uverworld.html ]

How can I see the meaning of life

Kieteku you?re the only...

Koware nai you ni to
Hanarete yuku kimi wo
Mou warae nai nante
Hito kirai nante kotoba su iwa nai de
Ima wa by and by mie nakuttatte
Subete ni imi ga aru kara
Kise nai kako mo seoi atte ikou
Ikiru koto wo nagedasa nai de

You?d better forget everything.
Remember...your different Life?
You?d better forget everything.
Remember...modora nai keido

Hizunda kioku no you na
Toki no naka de itsuka wakari aeru kara

♥Translation in English♥

You?ve been hurt by unhealing pain and
Sadness
Together, let?s carry each others
Incredible pasts
Don?t give up on living!
I want to protect you and your fading
smile, so
We should wither
Even if it?s scratched away by the
Winds that blow with time
I will find you
Who?ve been hurt by unspeakable pain
And sadness
Don?t say that ?I can?t laugh? or
?I hate people?
There?s meaning in everything to
Happen in the unseen future
For now, you?re fine as you are,
I know a time when
You?ll realize it
You and I too have spoken
One day we?ll understand each other

yui_again

Yume no Tsuzuki Oikaketeita Hazu Nano ni
Magarikunetta Hosoi Michi Hito ni Tsumazuku
"Ano Goro ni Mitai Ni"tte Modoritai Wake Ja Nai no Nakushitekita Sora wo Sagashiteru
Wakattekuremasu You ni Gisei ni Natta You na Kanashii Kao wa Yamete yo

Tsumi no Saigo wa Namida Ja Nai yo Zutto Kuroshiku Seottekunda
Deguchi Mienai Kanjou Meiro ni Dare wo Matteru no
Shiroi Nooto ni Tsuzutta you ni Motto Sunao ni Hakidashitai no
Nani Kara Nogaeretain da Genjitsutte Yatsu ka
Nan no Tame ni Ikiterundatte

Wasurechai Sou na Yoru no Mannaka
Funan ni Nante Yatterannai Kara Kaeru Basho mo Nai no
Kono Omoi wo Keshiteshimau ni wa Mada Jinsei Nagai Desho
Natsukashiku Naru Konna Itami mo Kangei Jan

Ayamaranakucha Ikenai yo ne Aa gomen ne
Umaku Ienakute Shinpaikaketa Mama Datta ne
Ano Hi Kakaeta Zenbu Ashita Kakaeru Zenbu Junban Tsuketari wa Shinai kara
Wakattekuremasu you ni Sotto me wo Tojitanda Mitakunai Mono Made Mienda Mon

Iranai Uwasa ni Chotto Hajimete Kiku Hatsugen Docchi
Mukai Attara Tomodachi Datte Uso wa Yamete ne
Akai Hatto ga Iradatsu you ni Karada no Naka Moeteirunda

[ From: http://www.metrolyrics.com/again-lyrics-yui.html ]

Hontou wa Kitaishiteiru no Genjitsutte Yatsu ka

Nan no Tame ni Ikiterundatte
Sakebitakunaru yo Kikoeteimasu ka
Funan ni Nante Yatterannai Kara Kaeru Basho mo Nai no
Yasashisa ni wa Itsu mo Kanshashiteiru Dakara Tsuyoku Naritai
Susumu Tame ni Teki mo Mikata mo Kangei Jans

Dou Yatte Tsugi no Doa Akerundakke Kangaeteru
Mou Hikikaesenai Monogatari Hajimatterunda
Me wo Samase Me wo Samase

Kono Omoi wo Keshiteshimau ni wa Mada Jinsei Nagai Desho
Yarinokoshiteru Koto Yarinaoshitemitai Kara Mouichido Yukou ka

Nan no Tame ni Ikiterundatte
Sakebitakunaru yo Kikoeteimasu ka
Funan ni Nante Yatterannai Kara Kaeru Basho mo Nai no
Yasashisa ni wa Itsu mo Kanshashiteiru Dakara Tsuyoku Naritai
Natsukashiku Naru Konna Itami mo Kangei Jan

mai hoshimura_sakura biyori

Juuroku de kimi to ai
Hyakunen no koi wo shita ne
Hirahira to maiochiru
Sakura no hanabira no shita de

Aitakute kakenuketa
Hi no ataru kyuu na sakamichi ya
Kouen no sumi futari no kage wa
Ima mo kawaranu mama

Kimi to boku to "sakura biyori"
Kaze ni yurete maimodoru
Marude nagai yume kara sameta you ni
Miageta saki wa momo-iro no sora

Suki deshita suki deshita
Egao sakisometa kimi ga
Boku dake ga shitte ita
Migigawa yawarakana ibasho

Sakura no shita no yakusoku
"Rainen mo koko ni koyou" tte
Nando mo tashikameatta kedo
Find More lyrics at www.sweetslyrics.com
Ima mo hatasenu mama

Kimi to boku to "sakura biyori"
Kaze ni sotto yomigaeru
Kimi mo ima dokoka de miteru no kanaa
Ano hi to onaji momo-iro no sora

Oikaketa hibi no naka ni
Kizamareta ashiato wa
Nani yori mo kakegae no nai takaramono

Kimi to boku to "sakura biyori"
Kaze ni yurete maimodoru
Tomedonai omoi ga afuredashite
Namida ga komiageta

Kimi to boku to "sakura biyori"
Kaze ni yurete maimodoru
Mada mirai wo mune ni daite
Miageta saki wa momo-iro no sora

Thanks to nea_okada for these lyrics

script_if you ever come back

If you're standing with your suitcase
But you can't step on the train
Everything's the way that you left it
I still haven't slept yet

And if you're covering your face now
But you just can't hide the pain
Still setting two plates on the counter
But eating without ya

If the truth is you're a liar
Then just say that you're okay
I'm sleepin' on your side of the bed
Goin' out of my head now

And if you're out there tryna move on
But something pulls you back again
I'm sitting here tryna persuade you
Like you're in the same room

And I wish you could give me the cold shoulder
And I wish you could still give me a hard time
And I wish I could still wish it was over
But even if wishing is a waste of time
Even if I never crossed your mind

I'll leave the door on the latch
If you ever come back, if you ever come back
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back

There'll be a smile on my face and the kettle on
And it will be just like you were never gone
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back, if you ever come back now
Oh, if you ever come back, if you ever come back

Now they say I'm wasting my time
'Cause you're never comin' home
But they used to say the world was flat
But how wrong was that now?

And by leavin' my door open
I'm riskin' everything I own
Something I can lose in the breakin'
That you haven't taken

And I wish you could give me the cold shoulder
And I wish you can still give me a hard time
And I wish I could still wish it was over
But even if wishing is a waste of time
Even if I never crossed your mind

I'll leave the door on the latch
If you ever come back, if you ever come back
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back

There'll be a smile on my face and the kettle on
And it will be just like you were never gone
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back, if you ever come back now
If you ever come back, if you ever come back

If it's the fighting you remember or the little things you miss
I know you're out there somewhere so just remember this
If it's the fighting you remember or the little things you miss
Oh, just remember this, oh, just remember this

I'll leave the door on the latch
If you ever come back, if you ever come back
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back

There'll be a smile on my face and the kettle on
And it will be just like you were never gone
There'll be a light in the hall and the key under the mat
If you ever come back, if you ever come back now
If you ever come back, if you ever come back

And it will be just like you were never gone
And it will be just like you were never gone
And it will be just like you were never gone
If you ever come back, if you ever come back now

Read more: SCRIPT - IF YOU EVER COME BACK LYRICS http://www.metrolyrics.com/if-you-ever-come-back-lyrics-script.html#ixzz1IsHXGerF
Copied from MetroLyrics.com

yui_cherry

Tenohira de furueta sore ga chisana yuuki ni natte ita n da
emoji wa nigate datta dakedo kimi kara dattara wakuwaku shichau

henji wa sugu ni shicha dame da tte dareka ni kiita koto aru kedo
kakehiki nante dekinai no

suki nano yo ah ah ah ah

koi shichattanda tabun kidsuitenai deshou?
Hoshi no yoru negai komete CHE.R.RY
yubisaki de okuru kimi e no MESSAGE

sakura ga saiteiru kono heya kara mieteru keshiki wo zenbu
ima kimi ga kanjita sekai to juu byou tori kaete morau yori

hon no ichigyou demo kamawanainda kimi kara no kotoba ga hoshiinda
usou demo shinji tsudsukerareru no

suki dakara ah ah ah ah

koi shichattanda tabun kidsuitenai deshou?
Hoshi no yoru negai komete CHE.R.RY
yubisaki de okuru kimi e no MESSAGE

[ From: http://www.metrolyrics.com/cherry-lyrics-yui.html ]


amakunaru kajitsu ga ii no
naigenai kaiwa kara sodate tai ah ah ah ah

koi no hajimari mune ga kyun to semakunaru
itsumademo matteiru kara haru no tsumetai yokaze ni azukete MESSAGE

koi shichattanda tabun kidsuitenai deshou?
Hoshi no yoru negai komete CHE.R.RY
yubisaki de okuru kimi e no MESSAGE

Amaku naru kajitsu ga ii no nanigenai kaiwa kara sodate tai
ah ah ah ah

Koi no hajimari mune ga KYUN to semaku naru
Itsu made mo matteiru kara haru no tsumetai yokaze ni azukete MESSAGE

Koishi chattanda tabun kizuite nai deshou?
Hoshi no yoru negai komete CHE.R.RY
~Yubisaki de okuru kimi e no MESSAGE

avril lavigne_wish you were here

I can be tough
I can be strong
But with you, It's not like that at all

Theres a girl who gives a shit
Behind this wall
You just walk through it


[refrain]
And I remember all those crazy thing you said
You left them running through my head
You're always there, you're everywhere
But right now I wish you were here

All those crazy things we did
Didn't think about it just went with it
You're always there, you're everywhere
But right now I wish you were here

[chorus]
Damn, Damn, Damn,
What I'd do to have you
Here, Here, Here
I wish you were here

Damn, Damn, Damn,
What I'd do to have you
Near, Near, Near
I wish you were here.



I love the way you are
It's who I am don't have to try hard
We always say, Say like it is
And the truth is that I really miss

david qw

David Archuleta- My Kind Of Perfect Lyrics
I was thinking about ya
I drew a little picture
But some things you cant put on paper
Like it like shooting stars?
I write songs on guitar
Got more things to do than stare at a mirror
I know, I know, she’s gotta be out there, out there
I know I know she’s gotta be…
[Chorus:]
Maybe I’m wrong
Maybe I’m right
Maybe I just let you walk by
What can I say
Maybe I’ve known you all my life
Is she the one? Is it today?
Will I turn the corner
See my future in a beautiful face
Maybe.
She’s anything but typical
A sweet surprise
No matter what, she’s looking at the bright side

wayang kulit

History of Wayang Kulit

Wayang shadow-puppet (Bali, early 20th century)

Wayang is a generic term denoting traditional theatre in Indonesia. There is no evidence that wayang existed before Hinduism came to Southeast Asia sometime in the first century CE, brought in by Indian traders. However, there very well may have been indigenous storytelling traditions that had a profound impact on the development of the traditional puppet theatre. The first record of a wayang performance is from an inscription dated 930 CE which says "si Galigi mawayang," or "Sir Galigi played wayang". From that time till today it seems certain features of traditional puppet theatre have remained. Galigi was an itinerant performer who was requested to perform for a special royal occasion. At that event he performed a story about the hero Bhima from the Mahabharata.
Wayang Kulit is a unique form of theatre employing light and shadow. The puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen.
Wayang Kulit plays are invariably based on romantic tales, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, "The Mahabarata" and "The Ramayana". Some of the plays are also based on local happenings (current issues) or other local secular stories. It is up to the conductor or "Tok Dalang" to decide his direction.

A Dalang performing Wayang Kulit in Java, circa 1890.

The Dalang is the genius behind the entire performance. It is he who sits behind the screen and narrates the story. With a traditional orchestra in the background to provide a resonant melody and its conventional rhythm, the Dalang modulates his voice to create suspense thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with the triumph of good over evil.
Hinduism arrived in Indonesia from India even before the Christian era, and was slowly adopted as the local belief system. Sanskrit became the literary and court language of Java and later of Bali. The Hindus changed the Wayang (as did the Muslims, later) to spread their religion, mostly by stories from the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. Later, this mixture of religion and wayang play was praised as harmony between Hinduism and traditional Indonesian culture. On Java, the western part of Sumatra and some smaller islands traditionalists continued to play the old stories for some time, but the influence of Hinduism prevailed and the traditional stories either fell into oblivion or were integrated into the Hinduistic plays.
The figures of the wayang are also present in the paintings of that time, for example, the roof murals of the courtroom in Klungkung, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today.
When Islam began spreading in Indonesia, the display of God or gods in human form was prohibited, and thus this style of painting and shadow play was suppressed. King Raden Patah of Demak, Java, wanted to see the wayang in its traditional form, but failed to obtain permission from the Muslim religious leaders. As an alternative, the religious leaders converted the wayang golek into wayang purwa made from leather, and displayed only the shadow instead of the figures itself.^{[citation needed]} Instead of the forbidden figures only their shadow picture was displayed, the birth of the wayang kulit.^{[citation needed]}
The figures are painted, flat woodcarvings (a maximum of 5 to 15 mm thick—barely half an inch) with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. Wayang klitik can be used to perform puppet plays either during the day or at night. This type of wayang is relatively rare.
Wayang today is both the most ancient and most popular form of puppet theatre in the world. Hundreds of people will stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, dalang, who command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous dalang in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki Asep Sunarya, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono.