cute death note

cute death note

Selasa, 10 Mei 2011

wayang kulit

History of Wayang Kulit

Wayang shadow-puppet (Bali, early 20th century)
Wayang is a generic term denoting traditional theatre in Indonesia. There is no evidence that wayang existed before Hinduism came to Southeast Asia sometime in the first century CE, brought in by Indian traders. However, there very well may have been indigenous storytelling traditions that had a profound impact on the development of the traditional puppet theatre. The first record of a wayang performance is from an inscription dated 930 CE which says "si Galigi mawayang," or "Sir Galigi played wayang". From that time till today it seems certain features of traditional puppet theatre have remained. Galigi was an itinerant performer who was requested to perform for a special royal occasion. At that event he performed a story about the hero Bhima from the Mahabharata.
Wayang Kulit is a unique form of theatre employing light and shadow. The puppets are crafted from buffalo hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. When held up behind a piece of white cloth, with an electric bulb or an oil lamp as the light source, shadows are cast on the screen.
Wayang Kulit plays are invariably based on romantic tales, especially adaptations of the classic Indian epics, "The Mahabarata" and "The Ramayana". Some of the plays are also based on local happenings (current issues) or other local secular stories. It is up to the conductor or "Tok Dalang" to decide his direction.
A Dalang performing Wayang Kulit in Java, circa 1890.
The Dalang is the genius behind the entire performance. It is he who sits behind the screen and narrates the story. With a traditional orchestra in the background to provide a resonant melody and its conventional rhythm, the Dalang modulates his voice to create suspense thus heightening the drama. Invariably, the play climaxes with the triumph of good over evil.
Hinduism arrived in Indonesia from India even before the Christian era, and was slowly adopted as the local belief system. Sanskrit became the literary and court language of Java and later of Bali. The Hindus changed the Wayang (as did the Muslims, later) to spread their religion, mostly by stories from the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. Later, this mixture of religion and wayang play was praised as harmony between Hinduism and traditional Indonesian culture. On Java, the western part of Sumatra and some smaller islands traditionalists continued to play the old stories for some time, but the influence of Hinduism prevailed and the traditional stories either fell into oblivion or were integrated into the Hinduistic plays.
The figures of the wayang are also present in the paintings of that time, for example, the roof murals of the courtroom in Klungkung, Bali. They are still present in traditional Balinese painting today.
When Islam began spreading in Indonesia, the display of God or gods in human form was prohibited, and thus this style of painting and shadow play was suppressed. King Raden Patah of Demak, Java, wanted to see the wayang in its traditional form, but failed to obtain permission from the Muslim religious leaders. As an alternative, the religious leaders converted the wayang golek into wayang purwa made from leather, and displayed only the shadow instead of the figures itself.[citation needed] Instead of the forbidden figures only their shadow picture was displayed, the birth of the wayang kulit.[citation needed]
The figures are painted, flat woodcarvings (a maximum of 5 to 15 mm thick—barely half an inch) with movable arms. The head is solidly attached to the body. Wayang klitik can be used to perform puppet plays either during the day or at night. This type of wayang is relatively rare.
Wayang today is both the most ancient and most popular form of puppet theatre in the world. Hundreds of people will stay up all night long to watch the superstar performers, dalang, who command extravagant fees and are international celebrities. Some of the most famous dalang in recent history are Ki Nartosabdho, Ki Anom Suroto, Ki Asep Sunarya, Ki Sugino, and Ki Manteb Sudarsono.

4 komentar:

  1. PEPADANG BAKAL TUMEKA

    angrantu sinambi jumangkah ing dalan kang peteng kebak sandungan
    mecaki lurung lurung kang dawa satengahing ara-ara samun
    bumi kang kapidak kebak sinengker
    anggawa ganda bacin
    manuk manuk dhandhang kekitrang wayah sore
    peteng kang gemuleng ing angganing manungsa

    wus sinerat ana ing kitab duk ing uni
    pepadang bakal tumeka anggawa kabar bebungah
    kanggo kita sami jalma manungsa
    kang bakal amadhangi lurung-lurung, dalan-dalan lan ara-ara samun
    amadhangi sakendhenging jagat raya
    mara gage kita sami tumenga ing angkasa
    mangayubagya rawuhipun sang pepadhang
    kanthi mesu raga nutup babahan nawa sanga
    mangestu nampi pepadhang .....

    jakarta wanci adven minggu kaping kalih warsa 2009

    BalasHapus
  2. ojo gela,ojo nesu
    nek komenku keliru
    iku mung menurutku
    lan nek kowe ora trima
    aku njalok ngapura

    BalasHapus
  3. Padange lampu,padange rembulan
    Nuwun sewu kula maringi komentar
    Setitik tembung kang ora becik
    Kula nyuwun ngapunten yen ora apik
    Aja nyalahne aku,aja nesu
    Karyamu kuwi yaiku bijimu

    BalasHapus
  4. Wengi rasane sepi
    Rembulan ora gelem metu
    Kula ajeng ngomentari
    Bareng karo karyamu

    BalasHapus